Law is a set of rules made by a government or society that outlines what is right and wrong. In many places, people must follow the laws of their country or face punishment if they break them.
Legal systems differ in how they are organized, how judges or lawyers decide cases and what types of laws are used. Common law systems tend to be based on case law, whereas civil law systems are based on codes that provide the rules that judges must use in their decisions.
Definition of Law:
The definition of law varies depending on who is saying it, but most commonly it refers to a set of rules that govern behavior in a certain region. It can include things like crime, business, social relationships, property and finance.
Usually, these are controlled by a central authority and enforced through the courts or by police. The word law can also be used to refer to a specific geographic region, such as the United States.
Justification of Law:
Justification of Law is a form of legal reasoning that aims to find a rule or principle that bestows rights (Fitzgerald 1966: 333-341; Paton 1972: 319-320 & 433-485). It may be an abstract, general idea that serves as a basis for an action or a decision, but it can also be a more specific reason for a specific act.
In Western political thought, the concept of “natural rights” has been a major influence on the development of law. These were not a fixed set of principles or values that must be adhered to by all members of society, but rather a more fluid set of ideas that reflected the broader moral and social context in which laws and institutions were created.
Some of these notions have become part of a more modern, neo-humanistic approach to law (e.g., Max Weber, Jeremy Bentham). However, some have argued that these norms are too abstract to be considered a “right” in any standard sense.
Other concepts, such as the notion of “right as outcome”, have been posited as more legitimate ways to understand a legal right. The “right as outcome” approach reflects the view that legal rights are typically for or in some sense entitle right-holders to be treated fairly, i.e., to be protected from discrimination, infringement of their property or other interests.
This can be a more flexible approach, particularly for resolving disputes that arise among different groups in a society, since the right as outcome can be used to set limits on the scope of a legal rule or decision. It also serves to establish a framework of rules that can be applied by courts to resolve future similar conflicts and make the resolution of similar problems more predictable.
